Literature Survey:
Adding 240 kg/ha (4.5 g/pot) Nitrogen to the soil while withholding water for 8 days followed by 10 days re-watering recovery in Gossypium hirsutum L. causes root antioxidant enzyme activity adjustment, debases lipid peroxidation and boosts root vigor which might contribute to drought resistance. On the other hand excessive Nitrogen supply i.e. adding 480 kg/ha (9 g/pot) has harmful effects on drought tolerance. Adding Nitrogen to the soil, increases peroxidase, POD and catalase,
Overexpression of the peroxidases genes (monomeric glycoproteins that contain heme and use H2O2 or O2 to oxidize molecules, Wikipedia) in tomato (TPX2 gene) increases salt-tolerance, in sweet potato (swpal gene) increases oxidative-stress tolerance and in transgenic tobacco and hybrid aspen stimulates growth. (Yoshida K. 2003).
A study on two Gossypium hirsutum L. drought tolerant (Ca/H 680) and sensitive (Ca/H 148) genotypes during water stress and recovery, indicated that proline might cause drought tolerance by up regulation of P5CS and down regulation of PDH. This is based on the evidence that during water stress, in the tolerant genotypes, relative water content (RWC), photosynthetic activity, free proline level, P5CS and P5CR activities (enzymes involved in proline metabolism) increased comparing to the sensitive genotypes. PDH activity in both genotypes is decreased during water stress and increased during the recovery period. (Parida A.K. 2008)
Under 7 days water stress followed by 7 days re-watering recovery on two G.hirsutum genotypes, GM 090304 moderately tolerant and Ca/H 631 drought-sensitive, revealed that under water stress, the tolerant genotype had higher relative water content (RWC) than the sensitive type. During water stress, chlorophyll, cartenoids, protein contents were decreased more in sensitive types comparing to the tolerant types. Total free amino acids, sugars, polyphenols and praline increased more in tolerant genotypes comparing to sensitive ones under stress which reveals that praline, sugars and polyphenols have impacts on drought tolerance by maintaining osmotic balance, protecting cellular macromolecules, detoxifying the cell and scavenging free radicals. (Parida A.K. 2007)
Cotton
Life: Neomura
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Malvales
Family: Malvaceae
Genus: Gossypium
Species:
hirsutum(90%): Central America, Mexico, Caribbean, Florida
known as Upland Cotton or Mexican Cotton. It was cultivated 5,000 years ago.
Longest: Long Staple
barbadense(8%):
arboreum (1%) :
herbaceum (1%): Africa and
australe:
darwinii:
sturtianum:
thurberi:
tomentosum:
raimondii:
References
Wikipedia
Liu R.X., Zhou Z.G., Guo W.Q. Chen B.L., Osterbuis D.M. (2008), Effects of N fertilization on root development and activity of water-stressed cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants. Agricultural Water Management 95, 1261-1270
Yoshida K., Kaothien P., Matsui T., Kawaoka A., Shinmyo A. (2003), Molecular Biology and application of plant peroxidase genes, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 60, 665-670
Parida A.K. ,Dagaonkar V.S. , Phalak M.S. , Aurangabadkar L.P. (2008), Differential responses of the enzymes involved in proline biosynthesis and degradation in drought tolerant and sensitive cotton genotypes during drought stress and recovery. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 30, 619-627
Parida A.K., Dagaonkar V.S.,Phalak M.S., Umalkar G.V., Aurangabadkar L.P. (2007). Alterations in photosynthetic pigments, protein and osmotic components in cotton genotypes subjected to short-term drought stress followed by recovery. Plant Biotechnology Reports 1, 37-48
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